Chapters

A number system is a system of naming or representing numbers. There are various types of number systems in maths like binary, decimal, etc. Also, there are different types of numbers like natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational numbers and irrational numbers.

Polynomials are algebraic expressions that consist of variables and coefficients. Variables are also sometimes called indeterminates. We can perform arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and also positive integer exponents for polynomial expressions but not division by variable.

Coordinate geometry is the study of geometry using the coordinate points. Using coordinate geometry, it is possible to find the distance between two points, dividing lines in m:n ratio, finding the mid-point of a line, calculating the area of a triangle in the Cartesian plane, etc.

An equation of the form ax + by + c = 0, where a, b and c are real numbers, such that a and b are not both zero, is called a linear equation in two variables.

Euclidean geometry is a mathematical system attributed to the Alexandrian Greek mathematician Euclid, which he described in his textbook on geometry: the Elements. Euclid's method consists in assuming a small set of intuitively appealing axioms, and deducing many other propositions (theorems) from these.

In geometry, a line is an infinitely long object with no width, depth, or curvature. An angle is the figure formed by two rays, called the sides of the angle, sharing a common endpoint, called the vertex of the angle.

A triangle is a polygon with three edges and three vertices. It is one of the basic shapes in geometry. This chapter explores the properties of triangles, congruence rules, and inequalities.

A quadrilateral is a four-sided polygon, having four edges and four corners. This chapter covers different types of quadrilaterals like parallelograms, rectangles, squares, and their properties.

A circle is a shape consisting of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the centre. This chapter deals with properties of circles, their chords, arcs, and angles.

Heron's formula gives the area of a triangle when the length of all three sides are known. It is a powerful tool for finding the area of various polygons by dividing them into triangles.

This chapter covers the calculation of surface areas and volumes of various three-dimensional shapes like cubes, cuboids, cylinders, cones, and spheres.

Statistics is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data. This chapter introduces basic statistical concepts.